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If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on The Man,The Myth,and THe Morality. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality The Man,The Myth,and THe Morality paper right on time.

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The character of Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson The Man, The Myth, and The Morality

Thomas Jefferson was a man of the greatest moral character who has been

excoriated routinely over the last 0 years by historical revisionists

Custom Essays on The Man,The Myth,and THe Morality

and presentists. His commitment to America and his vast contributions to

the framing of society as it is today are overlooked in favor of base

analysis of his character that, while not flawless, is that of a morally

upright person who has deeply held convictions and lives by them.

Jefferson was born to a prominent family of Virginia tobacco growers.

Plantation life is based largely around the work of slaves, so Jefferson

was surrounded by them from the time of his birth in 174 until the day

he died. One of the harshest criticisms of Jefferson comes from the fact

that, while he vehemently opposed slavery, was indeed a slave owner

himself. As historian Douglas L. Wilson points out in his Atlantic

Monthly article "Thomas Jefferson and the Character Issue", the question

should be reversed

"...[T]his was of asking the question... is essentially backward, and

reflects the pervasive presentism of our time. Consider, for example,

how different the question appears when inverted and framed in more

historical terms How did a man who was born into a slave holding

society, whose family and admired friends owned slaves, who inherited a

fortune that was dependent on slaves and slave labor, decide at an early

age that slavery was morally wrong and forcefully declare that it ought

to be abolished?" (Wilson 66).

Wilson also argues that Jefferson knew that his slaves would be better

off working for him than freed in a world where they would be treated

with contempt and not given any real freedoms.

Another way that Thomas Jefferson shows his moral character is in his

most famous achievement, the drafting of the Declaration of

Independence. This document is probably the most important document in

the history of the United States, and one of the most important in the

history of the world. Jefferson writes that "all men are created equal"

and argues that every man has the right to "life, liberty, and the

pursuit of happiness." Jefferson's document shows not only his strongly

held beliefs in freedom, but his acceptance of and belief in the views

of the Age of Reason. He believed himself to be a person who was doing

what was morally right, not for the fame that would eventually accompany

it. In fact, he didn't want to write the Declaration to begin with. In

1776, the song "Not Me, John" shows how Jefferson was pushed into doing

it, despite the fact that he would have actually rather gone home to see

his wife. When nobody else would do it, he acquiesced and agreed to

write it. His quote, "What will posterity think we were -- demigods?

We're men -- no more, no less" (1776), shows how as a contemporary of

such philosophical greats as Voltaire and Mill, he did what he did

because it was what needed to happen -- not in any way, shape, or form

because he wanted to be remembered as a demigod, a status he actually

had anyway, according to Wilson, until the 160's.

Another thing that Jefferson's character is criticized for and blown

out of proportion is his liaison with a slave, Sally Hemings. Historian

Fawn Brodie argues that it was "not scandalous debauchery with an

innocent slave victim, but rather a serious passion that brought

Jefferson and the slave woman much happiness over a period lasting

thirty-eight years." True, their affair started when she was only 14

years old, but to criticize this is terribly presentistic. In colonial

times, especially in the middle and southern colonies, girls were

married off between the ages of 1 and 16; it was not considered

defilement and abuse like it is today. In fact, his relationship with

Hemings could actually be considered to be a positive thing for him on

two fronts Since she was 5 when he died, Jefferson obviously did not

lust after her solely on a physical basis; also, he promised his wife

when she died that he would not remarry. He fulfilled his promise only

because he found a woman to love whom he was not expected, indeed not

allowed, to marry. This is a weak front on which to criticize Jefferson.

Given Jefferson's contributions to American society, it is almost

impossible to find him to be morally weak and coarse. Those who do are

presentists, cynics, and nay-sayers who are simply looking for a way to

criticize one of the greatest Americans who has ever lived.

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If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on The Secret Lion. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality The Secret Lion paper right on time.

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The Secret Lion

When the main character was young, he and his family moved away from town, about three miles north of Nogales where they had lived, three miles north of the Mexican border.

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He and Sergio spent the first part of the summer visiting arroyo; His mother knew they had been swimming because they would come running into the house and take a shower.

Between the arroyo and the mountains outside Nogales, Arizona away from town, out in the wilds, along the far side of the arroyo. It was the one place they were not allowed to go.

The main characters are the narrator and his childhood friend Sergio. They were two twelve - year old boys in junior high school, inquisitive, disobedient and explorers.

They enjoyed spending their summers outdoors exploring nature and walking along the arroyo shouting dirty words and yelling about girls.

The second side of the summer the boys decided to go into the mountains. After climbing the first hill, they were dead, but they continued

To walk until they were out his mother site and the sun was just overhead, they started looking for a place and on the other side of the hill, they discovered a place so beautiful they called it Heaven only to later find out it was golf course. Then came the two men and took something away from them, their Heaven, at that moment they grew up.

He and Sergio were childhood friends, they had read all the books, knew all about bridges, castles and wild treacherous alligator mouth rivers. They wanted the hills; they were two young impatient boys with no time for mom stuff like making sandwiches.

They knew they could not take the grinding ball home, because his mother would only make them get rid of it. There was no one they could tell about the grinding ball, so they both decided to bury it.

First the boys decides to go to the mountains, but they stop for lunch in this beautiful place they call Heaven, which they later discovers is a golf course and two men come along and take that away from them.

Then they find the grinding ball and buried in a secret place only to never find it again when they return.

After losing the grinding ball, the boys grew up and began to face the reality of adulthood and leave their boyhood imaginations behind. Because everything they discovered and thought was perfect, like the grinding ball, the tons and tons of quartz and the beautiful just over the hills that they thought was Heaven, all these were things they discovered and the adults took them away.

Please note that this sample paper on The Secret Lion is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on The Secret Lion, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on The Secret Lion will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Athletic Shoe Industry, Fila. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Athletic Shoe Industry, Fila paper right on time.

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Athletic Shoe Industry

FILA

MGMT0

Order Custom Athletic Shoe Industry, Fila paper

Robert Roderick

March 1, 00

Fila

Company History

Two brothers named "Fila" who lived in Biella, a town at the base of the Italian Alps, conceived inspiration for Fila in 1. The company began as a knitter of fine textile and maker of underwear and continued with this trend for about 50 years. Then in 174 a new managing director came on board and Fila ventured into athletic apparel with a high concentration in the ski and tennis markets. (Fila Holding S.p.A. Profile, 000)

Today, Fila Holding S.p.A., appears to still be acting as a traditional functional hierarchy, or a pyramid. There has however, been some restructuring activities and even recent replacements of the CEO, COO, and CFO. (Fila Holding S.p.A. Profile, 000)

Products and Markets

Fila is an authentic sports brand that designs and markets a wide range of products for men, women, and children that enhance their pursuit of sports and leisure. These products include athletic footwear, activewear, casualwear, hats, socks, sportswear, and wristbands. Independent subcontractors accomplish the manufacturing of these products mainly in the Far East. The company is also involved in many joint ventures where independent licensees do the design, manufacturing, and distribution. (Yahoo / Market Guide, 000) These licensed products include sunglasses, watches, underwear, golf clubs, golf bags, and in-line skates.

The company's marketing foundation focused on tennis but today they have branched out into such markets as basketball, field & track, and soccer. In addition to a marketing focus in sports, Fila is the sponsor of many events and television programs, and supplies sport gear to many top athletes.

Filas headquarters are located in Italy but has a separate organization in many of the countries where it operates. This is done to better match the preference and needs of individual markets aimed towards that country's consumer. (Fila Holding S.p.A. Profile, 000) Currently there are over 40 subsidiaries around the world that are affiliated with Fila.

Recent Economic Data

In 1, Fila employed ,86 employees, which equaled a one-year employee growth of 8.7%. Currently they employ ,448 employees worldwide. (Company Research Report, 000)

Fila has been listed on the New York Stock Exchange (ticket FLH) for approximately seven years and had an initial offering of $18. Since then, Fila has had a high of 106.00 in mid to late 16 and then dropped for the next two years to about 7.00. There was a slight recovery period over the next year and the stock rose to between 14.00 and 15.00. Unfortunately this trend was only temporary. Earlier this year Fila reach their all time low of 6.1. Currently they are experiencing another recovery period and on July 1, 000 the market closed with a share value of 11.00. Overall, Fila stock is down 40.54% since it became public. (StockMaster.com, 000)

1 sales were $11.1 million with a one-year sales growth of 10.8%. (Fila Holding S.p.A. Profile, 000) Fila primarily sells and markets its products in Asia, Europe, and North America with the majority of the sales being in Europe. Table A, Sales by Region, and Table B, Sales by Product, are shown in the Appendix and give a more detailed breakdown of how the sales were distributed.

Company Purpose

The company's mission is stated as follows

" Fila is committed to building a great company by attracting, developing, exciting and retaining outstanding people. Fila mirrors the values of a winning sports team desire for success, team spirit, commitment, enthusiasm, creativity, and fun." (Fila Holding S.p.A. Consolidated Financial Statements 1)

17 brought losses across the industry and Fila's revenues were down 77%. Therefore, the purpose, or objective, for Fila is quite simple and very clear, "the company break even." (Fila Holding S.p.A. Consolidated Financial Statements 1) The company plans on achieving this objective by reducing current and past losses and anticipates returning to a profit in 001. Fila has already begun reducing their losses with the closing of a design center, the selling of one of the U.S. headquarters, and the entire internal sales force was replaced with independent agencies. (Fila Holding S.p.A. Capsule, 000)

Fila has also initiated a re-building activity that is designed to bring the company back to profitability and lay down the foundation for a future of growth. The restructuring program cuts into both the revenues and fixed costs. Non-profitable sales of products were reduced extensively and gains in efficiencies were achieved without giving up operating effectiveness.

Key initiatives that have attributed towards the rebuilding and globalization of Fila in 1 have been

· Expansion of the apparel business There was the introduction of the Lifestyle Collection that was inspired by active sports but designed for everyday wear.

· Strong growth in some key European Countries and in Asia Pacific In the UK, Germany, and France the brand grew at a double-digit rate. (Fila Holding S.p.A. Consolidated Financial Statements 1)

· Improved quality of sales Gross margin increased by 5 points.

· Strong reduction of structural costs This is attributed to Lean activities and resizing of the company through a restructuring process that brought fixed costs down by 0% in 1. (Fila Holding S.p.A. Consolidated Financial Statements 1)

· Reengineering of the supply chain A new program covering all aspects of the supply chain was implemented. This allows more control on inventories with better distribution to factories. Outsourcing of warehouses in USA and Hong Kong has occurred with key European countries to follow in 000. (Fila Holding S.p.A. Consolidated Financial Statements 1)

Along with continuing the 1 components for growth and globalization, Fila expects the following factors to be driving components for 000

· New product collections In footwear, there will be a focus on running and cross training. In apparel, Fila expects high growth in the woman and lifestyles categories.

· Marketing support to the new brand positioning There will be a new ad campaign that will associate Fila to a sport that is simple, yet rich in human values, and able to bring people together.

· Back to growth in USA and Italy sales In the USA, Fila is introducing new products, communication, marketing, and new relations with trade in order to regain the credibility they once had. In Italy they are using the aggressiveness of the new management to make the Italian aware of their home brand.

Knowing all this, Fila recognizes the need to change the way that they do business in order to be competitive in the global market. To accomplish this, there needs to be a company vision to complement Fila's mission and objective.

"That without vision the people will perish. A clean vision is vital to the continued success as unexpected product, smart management, and creative marketing. We've achieved our goal in becoming the third largest athletic footwear and apparel company worldwide. Now new goals have been set. To continue a strong sales urge. To increase investments in research, product development, and marketing support. To change the game in more markets with more impact than ever before." (About Fila, 000)

Challenges

Like many firms, Fila, has been exposed to different challenges. There are problems that cannot be solved, measuring intangibles, valuing diversity, and addressing new issues for which managers and organizations are not well prepared for.

Fila has faced a difficult year that has had a decrease in the consumption of athletic products accompanied by an increase in competition. Fila targets age 1 to 4, however this group is spending an increasing proportion of their funds towards technology such as the Internet, telecommunications, and video games. (Fila Holding S.p.A. Consolidated Financial Statements 1)

Knowledge is a key factor in a company and it becomes necessary in order to operate and be competitive in a global market. Over time it became apparent that Fila's senior management's knowledge base was not developing. This resulted in the company loosing their profit margin in the industry. The challenge then became to find a replacement management team that was solid, competent, and visionary enough to develop and implement new and creative changes.

Management is faced everyday with new challenges that they have not had to face in the past. A current challenge is the introduction of sales on the Internet. More and more today, people are turning to the Internet for purchases. As a result, Fila launched its web site, this past spring. Initial reactions have been good but it may be at the cost of jeopardizing relationships built between retailers and distributors, because on-line sales are now in direct competition. (Messmer, 1)

Cultural Environment

Past advertising campaigns have focused at the national level, however with changes in the world, Fila has reintroduced its brand globally with a new marketing approach that crosses cultural boundaries. Fila's campaign aspires to distinguish themselves from its rivals, who focus on competitiveness and victory. Fila, on the other hand, is using the "Sport Life Fila" slogan that shows that athletes have a life and a human side, outside of their sport.

The advertisements will show famous athletes in action. The human side of these athletes will show Grant Hill of the Detroit Pistons playing the piano, Carla Overbeck, US women's soccer team captain, mothering her young son, and Sammy Sosa of the Chicago Cubs, hitting a homerun to his homeland of the Dominican Republic. (Fila Adds Human Touch, 000)

In addition to a globally cultural marketing campaign, Fila is in the pursuit of giving opportunities and advantages to athletes all around the world. Fila has launched Discovery USA and Discovery Italia structured after the highly successful Discovery Kenya. The term discovery is used because it is felt to represent Fila's approach to sports.

"Which in fact it experiences as pure emotion, envisions as an ideal path for individual development and achievement both in the competitive arena and on a personal level." (Fila Launched Discovery USA, and Italia, 000)

The aim of these programs is to identify promising young individuals who are not yet aware of their own talents and/or may lack the opportunities that others may have. Fila then give them the intense training needed to become world-class athletic competitors at both a physical and psychological level. This is being accomplished in areas where Fila senses that there needs to be a new drive in sports.

The training has also given Fila's coaches further insight on how training should be individualized for each athlete. A global look at the athlete needs to be taken into consideration with emphasis not only on the athlete and their body, but also their personality and cultural environment.

Economical Environment

Fila does not produce the products that they design and market. Instead, they outsource the manufacturing to other countries that are more capable and suitable for this process. Korea has been one such supplier of Fila products and fabric. Fila wants to continue importing from Korea for a couple reasons

· Korea produces excellent quality

· Fila has confidence in the capabilities of the Korean management team

· The continued manufacturing will help enhance the Korean economy during tough times

In support of this, Fila has invested billion won for the construction of a distribution center and will re-invest all profits from the Korean operation back into that process. (Fila to Boost Import, 18)

The Industry

Over the past years, the entire athletic shoe industry has experienced a decline due to the Asian crisis in 17. Despite this, this industry is highly competitive and one where no prisoners are taken. This is especially true among the leaders such as Nike, Reebok, and adidas.

Along with being highly competitive, the athletic shoe industry is a demanding market where extreme competition, price conscience consumers, combined with ever-changing market trends and fads have all been attributing factors in how a manufacturer responds. For these reasons, manufactures must be quick to react to new market demands. Therefore the opinions of buyers and strong relationships with those same buyers are very important in the evaluation of future growth in the athletic shoe industry. They are the ones who look at the marketplace as a whole by evaluating the trends and fads, taking note of problems that manufactures experience, recognizing the amount of markdowns and returns that occur, and the levels of inventories left on the shelf to determine a future outlook of what they should be purchasing.

In May 1, the marketplace showed that the average retail price for a pair of athletic shoes $61.70. This increase from the previous month was credited to a decrease in the number of markdowns. The previous month showed an average retail cost of $55.00, which was attributed to an increase in the promotional activity. (Boswell Report, 1)

Buyers were disappointed that there were not any new trends and technologies for Fall 1. This is key time for manufacturers with the back-to-school season, and consumers were not given any motivation to go out and buy.

Early in 1, the casual and athletic sportswear look became the trend. Not only did the companies in the athletic shoe industry place an increased concentration on their lines of apparel, but several other companies in the clothing industry did so as well. Everyone has orientated lines towards a lifestyles type collection and competition is very high.

The footwear market has suffered a decrease for the second year in a row. Sales in the U.S. for 1 were down 1%. This is after a 6% decrease in 18. Europe has also experienced similar difficulties. In 1, Germany was down 8% and France %, while Italy and the UK remained unchanged. (Fila Holding S.p.A. Consolidated Financial Statements 1)

Fila's main competition is from Nike, Reebok, and adidas who rank #1, #, and # consecutively in almost all categories. These include

· Top Sports Shoe Makers for 17 and 18 (Fila ranks # for 17 and does not show for 18) (Market Share Reporter, 1)

· Top Sports Shoe Makers in Indonesia (Fila ranks #4) (World Market Share Reporter, 1)

· Top Sports Shoes for Juniors (Fila ranks #5), Men and Women for 18 (Market Share Reporter, 000)

· The Global Sports Shoe Market for 17 (World Market Share Reporter, 1) Table C in the Appendix shows a sales breakout by company.

· The Sports Shoe Market for UK, Germany, Japan, and Israel (Fila ranks #4 in Israel only) (World Market Share Reporter, 1)

These reports are derived from 17 and 18 data and as mentioned before rank Nike, Reebok, and adidas #1, #, and # consecutively. However, information from buyers in 1 rank the top four companies as follows

1. Nike

. adidas

. K-Swiss

4. Reebok

Appendix

Table A

1 Sales By Region (Fila Holding S.p.A. Profile, 000)

$ Million % Of Total

Europe

Italy 10.6 11

Other 70.0 41

US 15. 1

Far East 15.7 18

Other Regions 8.6

Total 11.1 100

Table B

1 Sales By Product (Fila Holding S.p.A. Profile, 000)

$ Million % Of Total

Apparel 45.0 50

Footwear 4.6 47

Royalties 17.7

Other 6.8 1

Total 11.1 100

Table C

Global Sports Shoe Market 17 (World Market Share Reporter, 1)

Company Percentage

Nike 5.5

Reebok 1.5

Adidas .

Fila 5.7

Asics .

New Balance .0

Converse .7

Puma .4

Others 4.7

References

"Boswell Report," 1, http//www.the boswellreport.com, (accessed 7/8/000)

"CareerPark Fila Sports, Design Division," http//www.careerpark.com/fila/index.html, (accessed 7/5/000)

"Company Research Report Fila Holdings SPA ADR", http//profiles.wiis.com/pr…es/scripts/corpinfo.asp?cusip=168500106 (accessed 7/1/000)

"Company Summary Fila Holdings SPA ADR", http//profiles.wiis.com/profiles/scripts/corpinfo.asp?cusip=168500106 (accessed 7/1/000)

"Fila Adds Human Touch To Its First Consolidated Global Campaign," (000), http//proxy.seattleu.edu064/universe/…A1&_md5=fde6a801d5bbfd8dbe70b40cf68, (accessed 7/1/000)

"Fila Announced 000 First Quarter Results," 000, http//proxy.seattleu.edu064/universe/…Al&_md5=ab76b4144148a411b4d1ad8d1, (accessed 7/1/000)

Fila Canada, http//www.fila.ca/, (accessed 7/1/000)

"Fila Holding S.p.A. Capsule Hoover's Online", http//www.hoovers.com/co/capsule//0,16,478,00.html, (accessed 7/10/000)

"Fila Holding S.p.A. Profile Hoover's Online", http//www.hoovers.com/premium/profile//0,147,478,00.html, (accessed 7/10/000)

Fila Holding S.p.A. Consolidated Financial Statements 1

"Fila Launches Discovery USA and Italia," (000), http//proxy.seattleu.edu064/universe/…Al&_md5=57175acc7777c1f6cf7fcdc4 (accessed 7/1/000)

"Fila Launches 'Discovery USA' Project," (000), http//biz.yahoo.com/bw/00050/ma_fila_di_1.html, (accessed 6/8/000)

"Fila To Partner With Road Runner Sports & Just For Feet For Discovery USA," (000), http//proxy.seattleu.edu064/universe/…Al&_md5=cc5eb07b50af87d8405a4bf5, (accessed 7/1/000)

"Fila To Test Athletes For Discovery USA," (000), http//proxy.seattleu.edu064/universe/…Al&_md5=8ce18c8b7cac65c41e88ec854d1, (accessed 7/1/000)

"Fila USA Names Discovery USA Training Site," (000), http//proxy.seattleu.edu064/universe/…Al&_md5=4c161866807ea8bed005644c18, (accessed 7/1/000)

"Fila's 'Discovery Kenya' Athletes Continue Their Success in 104th Boston Marathon," (000) http//.hoovers.com/…/story?StoryId=Coq5sWbKbytemJG&FQ=c%5FLH%0&Title=Headlines%0for%A%0, (accessed 7/10/000)

"Fila to Boost Imports of Items, Fabric From Korea," (18), http//www.fashiontalk.com/english/news/june/ens606.html, (accessed 7/5/000)

Market Share Reporter 000, Gale Group, 1, 168-16

Messmer, Ellen, (7/1/). Athletic Shoe Makers Enter E-Commerce Race, http//proxy.seattleu.edu06/FETCHrec…next=html/fs_fulltext.htm%/fstxt5.htm (accessed 7/14/000)

Moody's International Manual, 1 Vol. , Mergent FIS, 1, 4644-4645

StockMaster.com Chart for Fila Holding S.P.A. ADR (FLH), http//www.stockmamaster.com/exe/sm/chart?…ci=I%ASPX&ma=n&UPT=7&m=10&Symbol=FLH (accessed 7/0/000)

World Market Share Reporter 1-000, Gale Group, 1, 18-18

Yahoo / Market Guide Fila Holding S.p.A., (6/7/000), http//biz.yahoo.com/p//f/flh.html (accessed 6/8/000)

Please note that this sample paper on Athletic Shoe Industry, Fila is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Athletic Shoe Industry, Fila, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Athletic Shoe Industry, Fila will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.

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Styles and Forces of Influence

Natalie Y. Williams

Nov 11, 00

Assignment Workshop

Styles and Forces

Styles and Forces of Influence

Setting

There is car dealership that is having a problem in the accounting office. This dealership has two stores one in Tampa and the other in Clearwater. Both accounting offices are run by on office manager. The office manager is mainly at the Tampa store. She comes to the Clearwater store maybe once a week. There are eight people in the Tampa office verses the three for the Clearwater office. Both offices are expected to run the same, even though there are less people in the Clearwater office. The Tampa office has a file clerk and office assistant, which the Clearwater store does not. There is a general us against them theme. If someone from the Tampa store does something wrong or something that the Clearwater store doesn't agree with there tends to be great tension between the two. The Tampa store does more business than the Clearwater store, because of its location. There seems to be more car deals processed in the Tampa store, yet more service is done at the Clearwater store. But accounting is generally the same. There are more repair orders processed for service in Clearwater, yet the same amount of filing that needs to be accomplished. All of which is to be done by the three people in the accounting office. But when it comes to manpower the Clearwater store is sadly lacking, yet they are expected to still accomplish their regular duties plus whatever else needs to be done. The titles clerk also has to process mail and help the billing clerk. Where there are two billers in the Tampa store, one for new vehicle and one for pre owned, the Clearwater store has one. There is an inventory person in place at both dealerships; both handle the vehicle inventory, new and pre owned, and daily deposit of money received each day. The Clearwater inventory person also is expected to order supplies, file and whatever else needs to be done. Where as the Tampa inventory person only worries about the inventory and daily deposit. The Clearwater office is expected to preform more duties, yet are paid at the same rate as their counter parts in Tampa. There have been some problems that have arisen because of this.

Framing both sides

For the employees in the Clearwater store there is a sense of doing more work for less pay, as they are required to keep up with the Tampa office. They are feeling a little used and under appreciated, almost like they are the red headed stepchildren of the operation. They see the Tampa office as the favorite children. They are doing twice the work and not being compensated for it.

For management there doesn't seem to be a problem. They are not in the Clearwater office enough to see there is a problem. In their eyes the work is getting done so there cannot be an issue. They assume that the employees are capable and content with the arrangement. Why would management hire more workers if the work were getting done with the amount that they now employ? They can't see the stress that the situation is putting on the employees in the Clearwater store.

Types of Thinking

The management is using the logical way of thinking. The work is getting done and there doesn't seem to be a need for additional help. The employees in the Clearwater office have been completing the work. There have been no gaps or problems in the paperwork that is handled, there for there is no problem. Logically there is no problem so there is nothing to fix. The management is being influenced by the money factor. Why spend more money on having to pay more people or provide raises for the staff in place when the job is getting done. They see this as a financial issue not a personal one.

Where as the employees of the Clearwater store see this issue as a very personal one. The employees are feeling under appreciated, that the company is not concerned with them in any way shape or form. They are seeing themselves as horses that do the job but are not thought of after the fact. In their minds management see that the work is getting done but are not concerned with how this problem has taken its toll on the employees. They are stressed and irritable. This issue is making their working environment very tense.

Forces of influence

The main force of influence for this particular problem is the economic status. The employees think that management believes they are too important to be concerned with this issue. They are in the mind set that because management won't acknowledge that there is an issue, they must think that they, management, are above such things.

Why should management care if the employees are stressed as long as the work gets done. For them it comes down the bottom line. Is the company profitable? If yes and they can save the cost of raises or additional staff then this is good business. Does more with less is the theme for management in the particular company. If the work gets completed and at a lesser cost then they are happy, doing a good job, in their eyes.

Solution

First the Clearwater employees need to communicate exactly how they perceive the current situation. Let management know that there is a problem. Not expect that management knows that they are not happy with the current situation. They need to explain to management that they are under a lot of stress to keep up with the Tampa store, and that they are in need of either compensation or additional help. Instead of complaining to each other and or other co-workers, the Clearwater employees need to address the issues with management. No one can help solve a problem, of which they are not aware.

After they have spoke with management and made them aware they also should have suggestion of how to solve the issues. They should have rational solution to the problem at hand. By giving management suggestion to fix the problem, they will not sound like they are just complaining but also willing to try to help with the solution.

Second management should make an effort to go to the Clearwater store more often and see what really goes on. They need to be more hands on so that they know how the Clearwater store runs and not how they think it does. The managers need to find out exactly who does what and how long it takes. Find out who is responsible for the each task in the office. Management then needs to if the Clearwater employees under undo stress and is there truly a need of assistance, or compensation. After analysing the problem then they could speak with each member of the staff and find out how that person is feeling and if they are indeed being overworked. When this is accomplished it will give management an accurate view of how the Clearwater store functions. This will assist in their ability to solve the problem.

Communication is the key. If both parties communicate with each other, then the likely hood of this becoming a detrimental problem decreases. If all parties are aware of how the others think them it is easier to avoid small problems escalating into major issues. Communication is the first step to fixing the problem. From there it will be give and take. If the employees are willing to accept overtime pay or compensation of some sort, verses hiring extra help. Which would save the company the cost of benefits and salary for the additional help. Or management could look around the entire company and see if there are other employees that can assist the accounting office with their additional workload. In short if both sides communicate with each other there is a logical and desired solution to the problem.

References

Browne, M. N., Keeley, S. M., McCall, M. W., & Kaplan, R. E. (001). Readings in Critical Thinking. Uniter States of America Pearson Custom Publishing.

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Based on neo-nazi ideas, the university was obsessed with the creation of a new race of perfect flawless human beings. These would not only have to be bright, intelligent and excellent athletes, but also with no physical or mental disabilities. If they didn't have these qualities, natural selection kicked in and they were exterminated.

In the first place, the university scientists used dogs as lab rats to conduct tests on the different gene combinations to get the right match. They put them in cages, tried experimental injections and surgeries on them and manipulated their fetuses.

Secondly, they selected each of the teachers and students with the best genes and skills and made them get married. Then, their children would be genetically improved and would also get married to another students or teachers child. In order to accomplish and encourage these marriages, the university obliged the chosen couples to sit in front of the other in the library during their careers. As a result, they would end up getting to know each other and sharing along the years.

But once this circle of intermarriages ran out of people with new genes to combine, they started to get married among themselves and the same genes were mixed. Consequently, their kids began to be born with different disabilities such as blindness, malformation, etc. They had achieved to create the perfect brain, yet it was inside a handicap body.

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Thirdly, the university hospital doctors started to exchange the Alps peasants' babies, that were born there, for the teachers disabled babies. So, the peasants believed their child had been born with a disability. And at the same time the university got healthy strong genes, used to doing physical exercise and hard labor, to experiment (play) with. Finally, these babies were adopted by the teachers and ended up in the intermarriage chain having "perfect" kids.

All in all, I believe that in this case the end doesn't justify the means to get it. Playing to be God by manipulating genes, forced intermarriage and exchanging babies to reach utter perfection is a clear sign of insanity. Of course, each of us has a different concept of what perfection means for us. Isn't imperfection, as well as the need to pursue excellence, what makes us human beings? If perfection has to be reached, it will be, but in a natural way and by changing our way of thinking, loving and treating others.

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Treat of the Causes of the 105 Revolution in Russia

The causes of the 105 revolution in Russia can be traced back as far as 1861. The Tsars who ruled in Russia were firm autocrats in an era where the nearby Europe was transforming to liberalism and republicanism. The influence of these groups, as well as internal problems and foreign policy were all causes of the revolution.

In the 1th century, Russia was very much Medieval in its ways, and this is especially highlighted by the fact that Serfdom still existed. The Serfs were little more than slaves of the Tsars and had no rights. Alexander II was the first to recognise this and in 1861 he granted Emancipation to the Serfs. He felt it better to abolish Serfdom from above than to wait for the Serfs to liberate themselves from below. ALthoughwith hindsight it cacn be said that this action caused more problems than it solved, it was a major step in dragging Russia forward from Medievalism. This granting of limited freedom to the Serfs lead to growing unrest as they called for further rights, and so it can be said it was a long term cause of the revolution.

Alexander also set up limited local authorities known as Zemstva. The main action of these groups was to draw up reports on agricultural conditions. This lead to greater awareness and a liveral class of Intelligencia was set up. They opposed the autocracy and later became known as the Kadets. The opposition of the Kadets to the sar was also a long term cause of Revolution.

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During Alexanders reign extremist opposition to the autocracy also fermented. The Narodniks attempted to rally the peasants against the Tsar, but failed because of classes differences. However, the Narodniks were to progress desipte this initial failure and they became very influencial in the 0th centruy in the form of he Bolsheviks.

Alexander III did not agree with his fathers reforms and when he came to power in 1881, he set about suppressing the peasants and all opposition to the Tsars. His Russification policy forced Russian culture on the 50 million non-Russians in the empire. The Jews also suffered greatly under his reign Pogroms were organised organised attacks on the Jews which forced many to emigrate. Censorship was also increased and the freedom of universities was reduced. Alexanders mistakes lay in the fact that the people had got a taste of freedom under his father, and now he was taking it away again. Revolution was impending.

Opposition to the Tsars continued to grow during Alexander IIIs reign. The Social Revolutionaries rallied the support of the peasants. They hoped tha tif they killed the Tsar, the whole system would topple. The Marxists concentrated on the workers in the cities. The growth of socialism marked the arrival of leaders such as Lenin and Trotsky. The Kadets also contined to grow. All that was now needed for a revolution was a spark to light the fire and bring all opposing groups together.

This occured under the reign of the last Tsar, Nicholas II. A strict autocrat, he told those who hoped for local governments in the form of Dumas that they were carried away by senseless dreams. His German Tsarina, Alexandra, was disliked by the people, as was their mutual devotion to the actions of the suspicions monk Rasputin. Growing opposition and urban and rural unrest was commonplace.

When war with Japan was impending, Nicholas saw it as an opportunity to rally loyalty to the empire once more. However his major error was that he under-estimated the strength of the Japanese. Describing them as little yellow monkeys, he believed his fleets would crush them. However, the Japanese defeated the Russians and destroyed all her fleets, even the Baltic fleet who made a last attempt to save face for Russia. The defeat in this war and the expense it incurred were direct causes of the revolution which occured just a few weeks later. A general strike in Russia occurred in 105, with both urban and rural owkers protesting together. Father Gapon lead a group of workers to the Winter palace with a petition for reforms for the Tsar. The protest was a peaceful one and the workers carreid portraits and candles for the Tsar. However, the guards shot at the people, killing one thousand and injuring thousands more. This action completely alienated the people and their loyalty to the Tsar was no more. It was the political activation of the masses. This massacre was the spark that started the 105 revolution.

Although the outcome of the revolution saw the settings up of the Duma, these were controlled to reign as an autocrat. However this revolution was an indication of the power of the people and it can be said that it was a dress rehersal for the February and October Revolutions of 117.

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Background

The Constitution sets the separation of powers between the three branches of government so no one branch has more power than the others. It also sets the standard for each of these branches to have checks and balances where as, each branch of government has the ability to counteract another branch of government and vice versa, so that no can take control of all the power.

The issue of presidential immunity is addressed in the case of Clinton v. Jones which deals with whether or not the President is immune to civil suits and damages during their term in office. The President would e immune to such actions so that his constitutional duties are protected in order to fulfill them. This was seen also in Nixon v. Fitzgerald (18) where the court ruled that the constitution absolute immunity from private suits for all actions that fall "within the outer perimeter of his authority". When this issue arose in Clinton v. Jones the court agreed that the President enjoys absolute immunity from civil suits for damages arising out of his official acts. It did though refuse immunity to suits arising due to personal conduct, because these suits would not deter the President from his constitutional duties. It was also determined that President Clinton could not hold off the suit till after his term in office. It was argued by the President that defending the suit would take time and energy away from the effectiveness of the performance in office. The narrow focus of the suit would occupy very little of the Presidents time and that prior Presidents had provided testimonies and evidence without deterring them from their responsibilities.

Facts

While President was Governor of Arkansas he allegedly made sexual advances towards Paula Corbin Jones. Her refusal to those alleged sexual advances supposedly led to punishment by her supervisors in the state job she held at the time. Ms. Jones than filed a suit against the President under 4 U.S.C. sections 18 and 185 under Arkansas law to recover damages from the President. President Clinton filed a motion to dismiss the suit under the presidential immunity grounds. President Clinton also requested that all other pleading and motions be differed till the immunity issue was solved. Federal District court granted that request but ultimately refused to dismiss the suit on immunity grounds and ruled and ruled that exchange of information before the trial could continue, but any trial was held until after the presidency. The Eighth Circuit affirmed the dismissal denial, and granted temporary immunity to which the petitioner was not constitutionally entitled.

Questions of Law

Whether the constitution protects a sitting president from a lawsuit that seeks damages from an unofficial act that occurred before becoming president? Also, whether or not it was necessary for this case to be tried by a district court?

Decision

A -0 decision was made that the district courts had the right to decide the case. Also, The Constitution did not require that federal courts defer civil suits against the President until the Presidents term ended when such suit was based on actions allegedly taken before the Presidents term began.

Reason

Justice Stevens gave the opinion of the court and stated that unofficial conduct is no grounds for immunity. The separation of powers doctrine does not require federal courts to postpone all actions against the president until he leaves office. The separation of powers document only deals with the power being divided equally between the three branches of government.

Justice Breyer gave the concurring opinion of the court that stated that the constitution does not grant the president from civil lawsuits that are based upon the president's personal conduct. The president can not also claim that civil lawsuits interfere with his constitutional duties of the executive branch.

Analysis

I believe that the lower courts should have taken this case and not have postponed it on the basis that it would interfere with the Presidents constitutional duties. Also, that the constitution does not automatically grant the President immunity from civil suits based upon his personal conduct.

The president's strongest argument was that his immunity was based on powers granted by the constitution. He did not mention that his office was above the law but rather that the judicial hearing should be postponed until after his term in office which would allow him to put more time into the judicial proceedings. Article II of the constitution deals with the separation of powers principles which have structured the government since the founding of the constitution. That Article II places limits on the authority of the Federal Judiciary to interfere with the executive branch to allow this action to proceed.

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Time is defined as a limited period during which an action, process, or condition exists or takes place. Time is a part of everyone's life. Time management is skillful use of time. Effective time management is one of the most important factors for maintaining a balanced, less stressed life.

In my personal life, time and me don't work well together. I am a procrastinator in every thing that I do. I have very good intentions, but I always find myself rushing or cramming at the last minute. I am a very detailed person. I plan everything out, and even make daily to do list; I just never follow thru until the last minute. To be perfectly honest, I am typing this paper an hour before it is due! After I have put my tasks off so long, I am no longer left with a choice to prioritize; I am required to take care of them immediately.

When I kept a log of my expected plans during the week, I realized that I have a boring life. With that observation made, there are no reasons I should ever be pressed for time. My week was not hectic at all. My expected plans coincided with my actually schedule, with the exceptions of a few discrepancies with meal times. I did have one unexpected outing, but it did not interrupt any scheduled plans.

I basically lived out my plan for the week. My schedule did not consist of many plans. Everyday was pretty much like clockwork. My main dilemma is not that I don't have enough time; but that I don't utilize the time I have very well.

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Two big time bandits for me are the television and sleeping. Instead of taking care of priorities, I opt to take a nap or watch a show. I have been considering ways to defeat these thieves of time. The following is a chart of options.

WAYS TO LIMIT MY TIME SPENT WATCHING T.V. AND SLEEPING

T.V. SLEEPING

1. Get rid of cable TV. 1. Keep myself active.

. Limit myself to hrs a day. . Avoid reading in bed.

. Do a plan on my to do list. . Exercise.

4. Get out of the house. 4. Talk to someone.

5. Catch up on my reading. 5. Make plans for an outing.

Successful time management allows for more control over personal accomplishments, more productivity at home and work, and results in more quality time to relax and enjoy life. We should try to live each day like it is our last because tomorrow is never promised.

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An Essay Concerning the Objectives of the National Aeronautical and Space Administration

Introduction

The United States federal government is ultimately responsible for the annual budget allotted to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for space exploration and research. Conflicts arise when a decision must be made between economics and research development. Engineers do not want to see their important research ideas and projects fall victim to cutbacks, but it is also an engineer's responsibility to consider cost effectiveness and economics in the decisions that they make every day.

Over the past fifty years, the space program has been a topic of controversy. Society cannot decide what our position in space should be. Is outer space the "Next Frontier"? Some people believe that exploration is simply a waste of time and money. They argue that NASA has not progressed with the same fury of the 160's when man landed on the Moon during the Apollo missions. The Space Race is long over, and therefore they believe that the space program in the United States has lost its driving force.

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Problem Statement

In the mid-10's the federal government approached NASA with regards to downsizing their budget. The space program was asked to find another source of funding, or else some of their projects would have to be eliminated all together. Naturally, the scientists and engineers at NASA wanted to avoid that possibility at all costs.

One option strongly considered dealt with private industry. Already, such companies as Rockwell and Lockheed Martin were contracted by NASA to perform intermediary functions and construction of materials and systems for different spacecraft and other payload [1]. It was suggested that NASA should turn over full control of these projects to those companies. This would reduce NASA's federal expenditure and promote private industry at the same time. Taken one step further, opinion states that the space program as a whole should be turned over to private companies. As a result, the NASA budget problem would be totally expunged.

There are several positive effects associated with the privatization of NASA operations. With respect to economic principles and theory, privatization is beneficial to society in general. NASA's possible dissolution would be equivalent to shifting from a monopolistic situation to pure competition []. The competition between businesses might produce the motivation needed to rejuvenate the space program and to achieve successes comparable to the 160's.

As with every positive viewpoint in a debate, there must be a negative perspective. Some believe that putting scientific research into the hands of business is a step in the wrong direction. There is a fear that private industry's objective for space exploration will focus on the pursuit of profit rather than the pursuit of knowledge and development. Continuing with that theory, privatization could lead to commercialization. Space could become polluted with advertisements. Hasty business ventures might occur without weighing all the possible long-term effects.

Privatization of NASA is not the cure-all solution. Although it may help relieve federal expenditure, new problems will surface. Completely turning over operations from NASA to private businesses will compromise safety and other important engineering concerns for the sake of profit.

The Debate Over Economics

NASA's budget problem became a topic of concentration in the mid-10's. On August 1, 15, NASA first vocalized their intentions to transfer Space Shuttle operations to a single contractor. As a result, the federal government would no longer have to support flight operations once the contractor took over. The United Space Alliance (USA) was formed by the two biggest Shuttle contractors at the time, Rockwell and Lockheed Martin []. NASA considered their bid to take over Shuttle operations along with others from such companies as Boeing, McDonnell Douglas, and Bamsi. On November 7 of that year, NASA decided upon USA as its prime option. By October 16, the Space Flight Operations Contract was drawn, approved, and in effect.

NASA's future goal is to privatize the entire space program. The hope is not only to defer the cost from the federal budget, but also for the private sector to make profit from the deal. The space program will be changed from a "governmental function toward a commercial enterprise" [4]. One of the positive effects foreseen by the USA is a decline in the cost of shuttle operations [4]. This is based on the economic principles such as the theory of pure competition. Theory states that when many businesses sell a standardized good, the competition between them drives the market prices of that good down []. In this way, they hope to attract other businesses and customers to the competitive market that will be created under privatization.

But is NASA following its economic plan through? It is true that NASA has branched out to private contractors as the first step toward their privatization. But instead of forming a truly competitive market, they seem to be creating small monopolies. In February of 1, Daniel C. Tam was appointed as the Assistant to the Administrator for Commercialization at NASA [5]. In January 1, before Tam was in his position, NASA had selected 15 proposals bidding for "Phase " in the privatization process. The contract value was about $7 million, to be conducted by 11 small businesses [6]. In August, "in an attempt to stimulate the development of new technologies," NASA narrowed its search down to 10 proposals, worth $6 million, to be carried out by 0 small businesses [7]. This seems like a contradiction to NASA's explanation for privatization. Instead of promoting more firms, they are limiting the competition. In economic theory, barriers to entry occur in a more monopolistic market system. In this type of market the firm controls the price; as long as there is continued demand for the good, the company can continue to drive up the price of that item [].

In another perspective, there is no guarantee that the businesses given control of the space program will be able to survive. Without government funding, the space program loses the tax money that it was dependent upon for financial support. The companies will receive money from corporate investors and sponsors, but the American people will not contribute to the space program any longer. Without immediate results that may affect their lives, they will lose interest. Lacking continuous funding, the businesses in charge of the space program will surely go bankrupt. The space program and the pursuit of the exploration of the universe will be lost.

Privatization Turns to Commercialization

NASA clearly stated its feeling that the space program will proceed beyond privatization. Daniel Tam was appointed to the position of Assistant to the Administrator for Commercialization. Tam's job description includes "aggressively seeking opportunities to increase commercialization of NASA infrastructure, operations, and technology" [5]. The USA also has strong visions of a commercial market to make money off the space program. Their projection of the future sees the space program ending up somewhere between a privatized government function and a commercialized business venture [4].

The danger associated with commercialization of the space program occurs when profit is put before science and exploration. If privatization turns into commercialization, space will become polluted. Satellite billboards will orbit the Earth flashing their neon messages in the night sky. Eventually, some hope that space will become the next vacation spot. Hotels and tourist attractions will appear, and along with them, the garbage that the tourists leave behind [8]. One article suggests that space be used as a mausoleum. Instead of burying dead bodies, they will be launched into space []. This could do serious damage if some of the discarded matter collides with a satellite or other spacecraft.

A more serious result of commercialization is the nonchalance that might develop toward the seriousness of space travel. Ransom Wuller, a lawyer from Illinois who is leading the national ProSpace lobby, had a very dangerous comment. Wuller said, "I would propose putting the [space] shuttle up for auction at least one of them … and seeing what it would fetch" [8]. Wuller demonstrates an attitude puts no concentration upon who would be most suitable to control a crucial part of the space program. The highest bidder seems his key interest, leaving engineering concerns out of consideration.

The Issue of Safety

In September of 16, the USA announced its priorities for Space Shuttle operations in this order safety, meeting mission objectives, and reducing cost. Engineers familiar with the operations of the program were transferred from Rockwell's NASA Shuttle Logistics Depot (NSLD) to work as employees of USA []. But the expert opinions of the engineers might not prevail over business decisions after privatization takes place. NASA's Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel (ASAP) is skeptical of the results of commercialization on the human space flight program. In a report released in February of 1, there were signs of decreasing the size of the current workforce and also a hiring freeze. ASAP is afraid of the "possibility that NASA senior managers in the future will lack the hands-on technical knowledge and in-line experience to provide effective insight" [8].

Disaster has already occurred due to engineering concerns falling second to business decisions. The Challenger accident that occurred on January 8, 186, was a result of upper level officials dominating over the engineers. Rocket engineers knew that the mission was extremely dangerous before the launch ever took place. They were concerned that it was too cold of a day for the Shuttle to blastoff safely. However, their concerns somehow never reached the NASA officials who gave the go-ahead for the flight [10].

Later, on November , 17, a less disastrous incident occurred pertaining to the Space Shuttle Atlantis. Workers responsible for attaching the Shuttle to the carrier 747 omitted a set of washers from the attachment apparatus. Had Atlantis fallen off, damage would have been done to the $ billion spacecraft and most likely also to its carrier plane. The major issue with the incident is that senior officials signed the paperwork verifying that the mounting had been properly installed. Some take this incident as a sign that NASA is moving too quickly toward privatization. Both the Challenger disaster and the Atlantis incident both occurred while NASA still had at least some control over the Space Shuttle operations. The Atlantis incident was a lucky flight. This occurrence could serve as proof that history repeats itself if proper attention is not given to Space Shuttle operations.

Corruption

As with many government agencies, NASA is not alone as a victim of politics and bureaucracy. When reviewing the chronology of USA's formation and early actions, a curious trend is apparent (Appendix A). The first entry to the time line occurs in August of 15 when Rockwell and Lockheed Martin decide to form a joint venture, the USA. These two companies had been established as the leading contractors for Space Shuttle operations at NASA. The next item states that on August 1, 15, there was a briefing at Johnson Space Center, which introduced NASA's desire to transfer the Space Shuttle operations to a single contractor. In September, NASA reviews several proposals from several companies, including Rockwell and Lockheed Martin's USA. On November 7, it is announced that NASA had chosen to accept USA's proposal. Then, on November , Rockwell and Lockheed Martin sign the official agreement to form the USA [].

Is it merely a coincidence that Rockwell and Lockheed Martin agreed to form the USA and then immediately afterwards NASA decides to open up Shuttle operations to private companies? It seems that NASA was going to transfer human space flight operations to USA regardless of the other bids that they took in for review. Once NASA waited enough time to look over the proposals, they accepted the one from USA, an organization that was not officially in existence yet. The USA was not even approved by the Federal Trade Commission until nearly one month after the decision was made.

Another interesting article describes the Pentagon's position on the Space Shuttle program. The author makes mention of the Pentagon's silent efforts to "undermine the shuttle program and the revolving-door relationship between NASA officials and shuttle contractors, notably Rockwell International and General Dynamics" [10]. This statement only brings up the question of NASA's intentions for privatization. It now seems obvious why NASA agreed to accept the USA's proposal for taking control of Shuttle operations, considering its relationship with Rockwell.

During the 180's, NASA did not have any clear-cut goals in mind for the space program. The agency was full of internal conflicts, and their only regard was to maintain its earlier esteem in the public eye. They merely survived on "public relations extravaganzas" [10]. NASA has had a history of being tossed around by political and bureaucratic compromises. During the Nixon administration, major safety features, including an emergency escape system, were omitted from spacecraft designs as they seemed to be too expensive. James Fletcher, NASA Administrator, is reported to have consciously and willingly altered consulting studies to increase the estimated flight rates for the Space Shuttles. Former science advisor to President Reagan, George Keyworth, was quoted as saying, "Of all the organizations that I have dealth with… I have seen only one that lied. It was NASA. From the top to the bottom, they lie"[10]. The author of this article says that it is a shame that the devastating Challenger accident had to bring the cold reality to the hopeless romantics of the space dream.

President Reagan also contributed to the political muscle that affected NASA and the space program. When his opposing candidate for office, Walter Mondale, began pressing education in his platform, Reagan felt that he had to do something to promote education as well. Originally, a journalist was supposed to be the first "citizen in space" [10]. Reagan helped to change that plan, and Christa McAuliffe, the high school social studies teacher, was assigned to the flight instead.

Conclusion

The privatization of NASA is an idea surrounded by an incredible amount of uncertainty. Although NASA and the federal government seem to promote handing the space program over to the private sector, there seems to be very little proof and reasons given as to why it has to be done and why it will work. They simply impress the idea of streamlining the federal budget and providing opportunity to business.

The skeptics, on the other hand, have much reason to doubt the good of privatization. NASA's recent actions toward giving the space program to private business has not proven to be conducive to the development of a competitive market. Rather, it seems to be dividing up the space program and creating little monopolies in the individual areas. Also, commercialization is in the minds of the planners. This becomes dangerous when profit prevails over engineering, and more seriously, safety. Already, in the earliest stages of privatization, we have seen the potential for disaster in the Atlantis incident. The motives of the federal government and NASA are also uncertain. NASA decisions have been determined by politics and corrupt forces before; it is a definite possibility that the movement toward privatization is another one of these cases. For all these reasons, privatization should be considered a dangerous endeavor.

Appendix A

Chronology of key historical milestones in the formation of United Space Alliance []

August 15

Rockwell and Lockheed Martin agree to form United Space Alliance.

August 1, 15

Industry briefing at the Johnson Space Center by NASAs Office of Space Flight associate administrator and the Space Shuttle program director to communicate industry desire to move to a single prime contractor for Space Shuttle operations.

September 15

NASA evaluation team reviews expressions of interest from USA, Boeing, McDonnell Douglas, and Bamsi.

November 7, 15

NASA Administrator Daniel Goldin announces that the agency will pursue an agreement with USA to become the single prime contractor for Shuttle operations.

November , 15

Rockwell and Lockheed Martin sign the joint venture agreement.

December 7, 15

NASA administrators determination and findings report recommending that the agency pursue negotiations with USA to be the single prime contractor for Space Shuttle operations is approved by Congress.

December 1, 15

The Federal Trade Commission approves USA joint venture.

April 1, 16

Novation of Rockwells Space Operations Contract (SOC) and Lockheed Martins Shuttle Processing Contract (SPC) from respective parent companies to USA, establishing USA as the single prime contractor and allowing for an early start of operations. USA subcontracted the work back to Rockwell Space Operations Company and Lockheed Martin Space Operations.

May 16

USA management reaches agreement with its parent companies to incorporate entire SPC work force and Rockwells NASA Shuttle Logistics Depot (NSLD) employees in Florida into USA.

June 1, 16

Two-thirds of Lockheed Martins SPC work force in Florida and Rockwells entire SOC work force in Houston transition into USA.

July 6, 16

Remaining SPC employees are transferred into USA.

August 1, 16

USA submits proposal for SFOC.

September 6, 16

USA and NASA reach agreement for SFOC contract price.

September 0, 16

USA and NASA sign the Space Flight Operations Contract. USA obtains authority to proceed with the contract from NASA.

October 1, 16

The Space Flight Operations Contract becomes effective. Rockwells NSLD employees transfer into USA.

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As an employee at Albany Holiday, you are forced to acquire a good many people skills. Each skill you get must be put to the right use. You must learn to determine the right skills to use as each customer approaches. These people skills facilitate the creation of valuable and frequently used tactics. Helping the customer can be accomplished by using numerous different tactics or a combination of several different ones, depending on the customer. The tactic used is directly related to the mood of the customer.

Your average customer is in a pleasant mood. Therefore it is appropriate to address them with a pleasant "Hello!" If the customer responds it is appropriate to ask, "How are you today?" It is important to note that if they respond with a one word response, you do not continue the casual conversation. At this point simply ask, "Did you have gas today?" If they give an affirmative response, ring up the gas and continue scanning their other items. During this time, it is a good idea to engage in any conversation that seems appropriate. At this point ask if they need anything else. Once this action is complete, tell them their total cost. Be prepared to repeat this as many times as necessary. Once they have paid for their goods, "Thank you and have a nice day!" should be said as they head out the door. Notice how the pleasant theme was carried on throughout the transaction. Some customers may not be quite as pleasant as this one.

In some cases, the customer may be in a hurry or just not the friendly type. In this case, greet them with a, "Hello, did you have gas?" It is important here not to hold a conversation. They don't want it and neither do you. Again after you scanned their items, "Anything else?" is appropriate. Tell them their total and then give them their change. As they part from the transaction, say "Thank you." Here it is not appropriate to say, "Have a nice day." If you do, you will get a grunt in reply. This grunt means the act of friendliness was not appreciated. There are other types of customers who are not so quick and easy to deal with.

Customers in an overly good mood are something that all Holiday employees fear. These customers insist on telling you all about their cat Cici or how red their back is due to an unexplained rash. The customer believes it's from his new bed sheets. In some cases, you can learn more about a V8 engine then you ever needed to know. These customers can be detected miles away when you have enough experience. The danger behind these customers is that there is no way to stop them from talking. Your only hope is to follow the same strategy as used on the pleasant customer. However, it is worthwhile noting that you should never start a conversation with these people; they will do it on their own. The goal of this transaction is to get them in and out as quickly as possible. Many of these people simply crave human attention or have psychological disorders. If they are in that good a mood nothing, you as a gas station attendant, can do will dampen their mood. As these customers are on their way out, simply say, "Thank you!" Do not say, "Have a nice day!" or they will tell you their plans for the next week. Other customers focus their energies not on the positive but on the negative.

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These angry customers can be very disgruntled. They can be easily identified by their prominent and obtrusive frown on their face. For these customers it is important to begin scanning there items immediately. When you have completed that task, don't ask if they need anything else. Just curtly give them their total. They themselves will tell you if they want anything more. Take their payment and make their change. At this point there is a surprising difference between this strategy and the others. As you give the customer their change say, "Thank you!" If you wait until they are walking away this all but requires them to give you an afterthought and this is not something your average angry customer cares to do. Many times an angry customer has some form of complaint which is obviously your fault as the worker so they direct their anger at you. At this point simply say, "The manager is available Monday through Friday 7 AM to PM. Here is his card." Referring a customer to the manager is not just to be used on angry customers but should be used adaptively as with all these strategies.

All of these strategies are meant to be adaptable and should not be used concretely. The key to successfully checking out a customer is to be prepared for everything and anything. Remember to always adapt your service to the customer's mood, as my manager once said, "The customer is always right…….usually."

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Today large-scale business operations have been on the rise since the late 1800's and are continuing to grow. When the United States entered the second stage of industrialization, which was powered by a great technological change, the working force also changed. During the late 1800s, the United States had the great experience to see businesses thrive by gaining an increase in profits and efficiency. The United States has greatly benefited from the big businesses taking charge, however some people have different opinions. Now, since the United States has entered into the twentieth century, it has to decide whether the rise of the big business is beneficial to all in society. From the view of the big businessmen, it is evident that they have benefited in a great many ways. However, are they getting their benefits at the expense of the smaller businesses, factory workers, and the consumers? At this time, the smaller businessmen have had to deal with the harmful effects of the rise of the big business. The United States is also entering a time when factory workers are being driven out of jobs. Are the factory workers only receiving the harmful effects of the big business, or do they have to deal with the harmful effects before they can see the benefits? What will this do to their futures, and the futures of their families?

The big businesses have definitely benefited from the wealth of the economy. Large-scale production has become a growing force in our society. Due to the large businesses all around, other areas have benefited from their success and made the big businessmen very wealthy. People such as Andrew Carnegie, and Henry Frick have benefited from the progress in the United States economy. Because other areas have become so well off, the growth of the industries has improved at a dramatic rate. When we look at all the retail chains coming into the towns, it is evident that consumer goods are being sold at a rapid rate and brand names are increasing. America has surpassed other countries such as England and Germany, which have been rival countries in this growing market, due to the fact that the goods are always readily available in our country right now. One can also see how much the United States is surpassing other countries because the standard of living is so much higher than theirs. The big businessmen have helped to bring this success to America. The businessmen of today are energetic leaders. They have used their money to get to where they are now, and the result has been lowered costs and expanded production. They took the risks to help make this country what it is today, and it has benefited the entire nation. Big businessmen have also benefited the United States by bringing culture into America. Educational institutions are on the rise and the increase for skilled labor has become a great necessity. The big businessmen have also contributed to our economic development and stability.

However, many people don't agree with the big businessmen coming in and taking over. They feel that the big businessmen, along with the businesses they have brought in, have had negative effects on the society, and people. Small businesses have been driven out and created many problems for a lot of people today. The big businessmen have come in and dominated everything. They dominate the wages, prices, and working conditions, and small businesses have gone bankrupt (Business in an Industrial Age, 66). The monopoly has taken over all of the competition and some wonder if this is good for our economy. Let us take time to remember the book titled, The Gilded Age, written by Mark Twain and Charles D. Warner, published in 187. The book described the corruption behind the success (Business in an Industrial Age, 66). Many people believed that the big businessmen, formally termed as "robber barons," took advantage of the less fortunate. Is that what will continue to happen as we enter into the twentieth century? Many questions of morality are debated with the rise of big businesses. One common question is whether or not the big businessmen are using moral tactics. This question is often asked, however, some people don't pay attention to it because they believe that the benefits of the rise of the big businesses far outweigh the harmful effects. It is also shown that because we have put too much power into only a small amount of people we are slowing our economic growth (Business in an Industrial Age, 67). Something that has also made a huge impact on the big businessmen is the huge advancement in technology. Even though it has been great for our society, machines need a lot of care and attention. Sometimes businessmen end up taking care of and repairing the machines, and that can be much more of a hassle than the businessmen want to deal with.

Small businessmen have also been greatly affected during this time; for example, small businesses have had to turn to bankruptcy. They are being driven out by the big businesses and this is greatly affecting many families who depend on their businesses as a source of income. Many believe that these big businessmen are only out for themselves, and will do anything at the expense of another. However, one thing that did seem to help the small businesses was the modern technology that has been developing. It has helped to drive out poverty and helped to speed up production. Producers are able to produce goods faster, which makes them available to the consumers and workers at a faster rate. Another benefit has been the rise of the limited liability corporation. Due to the rise of this limited liability the United States is able to grow faster and is able to take more risks. When a family owns a proprietorship, they have the risk to lose everything if it fails. With the invention of the limited liability, it has become possible for businesses to develop with a safety net.

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Another group of people that have been affected by the rise of the big businesses is the factory workers. Factory workers have been pushed out. More machines have been introduced and there is now an increase in the need for the semi-skilled laborer. Because laborers have been needed for only semi-skilled work, many people have recently lost jobs. If factory workers don't lose their jobs, they begin to lose hours of work because the production is being done at a much faster pace. Because factory workers have not been needed as much, families are also being greatly affected. The technological innovations were harnessed to production. The more machines that were invented, the more workers have been pushed out of jobs. However, production has risen. Not only are people in the factory getting pushed out of jobs, but workers in the agricultural field are losing jobs, due to the invention of certain machines. People are able to work their lands faster, and are able to produce faster which means that laborers aren't needed to work as long. What will this do to the future of our work force? What will this do to the future of our children? Is it beneficial, or not? It looks as though, workers will have to go through more bad experiences, such as losing jobs, before they can reap the benefits of the big business.

After reviewing the condition of the United States, I believe that the economy is in a good position right now and that the rise of big business has helped to push it along. When looking at the people affected by this current wave of industrialization, I believe that most of the United States citizens will benefit from it. Some of the Americans are dealing with harmful effects right now, but hopefully it will soon change. I believe that even though the United States is going through some rough times, the rise of the big business will provide more jobs in the future for everyone, and hopefully we will be able to hold them for some time to come.

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