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Gonorrhea
What is Gonorrhea? Well, Gonorrhea is a highly contagious Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD). It is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The mucous membranes in the genital region become inflamed without the development of any other symptoms. If the symptoms to show, they are different in men and women. In women, Gonorrhea is best known to infect the thin part of the Uterus (cervix). In men, usually the infection starts in the vessel that carries urine and sperm (urethra). If left untreated, gonorrhea can result in serious medical conditions.
There are quite a few people who contract this horrible disease. The incidence of gonorrhea has steadily declined since the 180's, mostly because of public awareness campaigns and the risk of contracting other STD's. Still, current estimates range from 400,000 to as many as man one million cases of gonorrhea in the United States each year. But of course, these estimates vary due to the private nature of the disease and the consequent underreporting that occurs. The majority of reported cases of gonorrhea come from public health clinics.
Gonorrhea affects many different kinds of people. People of all ages, races, and socioeconomic levels contract gonorrhea, but some individuals are more at-risk than others. Adolescents and young adults are the highest risk group, with more than 80% of the reported cases each year occurring in the 15- age group. Those people with multiple sexual partners and who use no barrier contraception, such as condoms, are most at-risk. Reported cases vary among racial and ethnic groups.
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As many as 80% of women with gonorrhea show no symptoms. If present, symptoms may include bleeding between menstrual periods, chronic abdominal pain, painful urination, vaginal discharge and anal infection, which may cause rectal itching or discharge. Since women often do not show any symptoms, complications are more likely to occur as the disease progresses. This is not a good thing, so that is why you should be checked regularly if you are sexually active.
Men on the other hand, display symptoms, which are closely related to the female symptoms. Some symptoms are thick and cloudy discharge from penis, burning or pain during urination and more frequent urination. In case of oral infection, there may be no symptoms or only a sore throat. Also, anal infection may cause rectal itching or discharge. Complications can affect the prostate, testicles, and surrounding glands. Inflammation, tissue death and pus formation (abscesses), and scarring can occur and result in sterility.
Gonorrhea is not likely to be detected early since there are usually never any symptoms. When present, the symptoms of gonorrhea are primarily limited to the genital, urinary, and gastrointestinal symptoms and usually begin one day and two and two weeks following infection. If left untreated, serious complications can result if the disease spreads to bloodstream and infects the brain and, heart valves, and joints. Untreated gonorrhea can result in severe damage to the reproductive system, making an individual unable to conceive a child (sterile).
How is one tested for gonorrhea? Well, gonorrhea can be diagnosed by examining discharge from the penis or vagina for the presence of bacteria. A urine test can also
detect the presence of bacteria and it is a noninvasive way to check people who are not showing symptoms. Treatment in the early stages is usually effective. If the disease is left untreated in a male, the early symptoms may subside but the infections may spread to the testicles, causing sterility. In the untreated female, the infection usually spreads from the cervix into the uterus and fallopian tubes, causing pelvic inflammatory disease. Severe pain may occur, or the infection may show a few or no symptoms, gradually damaging the tubes and causing the woman to be sterile. In both sexes, the gonococcus may enter the bloodstream, resulting in arthritis, heart inflammation, or other diseases. Gonorrhea in pregnant women may be transmitted to the infant during birth. If this is left untreated, it can cause a serious eye infection in the infant.
Once you have been diagnosed, you will now start treatment. Antibiotics are commonly used against gonorrhea, although over the years a growing number of antibiotic-resistant strains of the gonorrhea bacteria have been created, causing a rise in the incidence of the disease in the 10's. Still effective are antibiotics that are administered in a single does, including ceftriazone, cefixime, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin. In most large cities, there are clinics where young people can be treated. One of the most difficult in controlling gonorrhea is locating all recent sexual contacts of an infected person in order to prevent further spread of the disease.
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