If you order your research paper from our custom writing service you will receive a perfectly written assignment on Free Radicals. What we need from you is to provide us with your detailed paper instructions for our experienced writers to follow all of your specific writing requirements. Specify your order details, state the exact number of pages required and our custom writing professionals will deliver the best quality Free Radicals paper right on time.
Our staff of freelance writers includes over 120 experts proficient in Free Radicals, therefore you can rest assured that your assignment will be handled by only top rated specialists. Order your Free Radicals paper at affordable prices!
In the normal course of metabolism, your body produces small high-energy particles which are known as free radicals. These are unstable molecules with free electrons that can be used for energy production and numerous other physiological functions. In some cells they may be used as the weapons to kill viruses and bacteria. Unfortunately, because of their extremely high energy, they can also be damaging to normal tissues if too many of them are produced. Free radicals disrupt the normal production of DNA, the genetic material, and alter the lipids (fats) in cell membranes. They also affect the blood vessels and the production of prostaglandins
Cigarette smoke contains two very different populations of free radicals, one in the tar and one in the gas phase. The tar phase contains several relatively stable free radicals; we have identified the principal radical as a quinone/hydroquinone (Q/QH) complex held in the tarry matrix. We suggest that this Q/QH polymer is an active redox system that is capable of reducing molecular oxygen to produce superoxide, eventually leading to hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals. In addition, we have shown that the principal radical in tar reacts with DNA in vitro, possibly by covalent binding. The gas phase of cigarette smoke contains small oxygen- and carbon-centered radicals that are much more reactive than are the tar-phase radicals. These gas-phase radicals do not arise in the flame, but rather are produced in a steady state by the oxidation of NO to NO, which then reacts with reactive species in smoke such as isoprene. We suggest that these radicals and the metastable products derived from these radical reactions may be responsible for the inactivation of alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor by fresh smoke. Cigarette smoke oxidizes thiols to disulfides; we suggest the active oxidants are NO and NO. The effects of smoke on lipid peroxidation are complex
Two effects of smoking are on the enzyme inhibitor a1-antitrypsin and on the enzyme elastase (a protease). a1-antitrypsin is secreted by lung tissues to prevent endogenous proteases digesting the proteins in the lung. Neutrophils (cells) in the alveoli of the lung release a protease called elastase. a1-antitrypsin inhibits elastase and other proteases by tightly binding to the protease.
Smoke affects this system in two ways. Firstly in response to the irritant nature of smoke, more neutrophils are attracted from the blood into the lung tissues, thereby increasing the local level of elastase activity. Secondly, oxidising agents in the smoke destroy the a1-antitrypsin, by turning an important -S group to S=O in a methionine residue of the protein. So the protease levels are increased and the ant--protease levels are decreased, resulting in proteolysis (autoproteolysis) of lung tissue, which we call emphysema.
Order custom research paper on Free Radicals
Due to to the high levels of oxidising agents (free radicals) in smoke, other enzymes that increase in activity are also the bodys anti-oxidative protection systems, which include enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase
Please note that this sample paper on Free Radicals is for your review only. In order to eliminate any of the plagiarism issues, it is highly recommended that you do not use it for you own writing purposes. In case you experience difficulties with writing a well structured and accurately composed paper on Free Radicals, we are here to assist you. Your persuasive essay on Free Radicals will be written from scratch, so you do not have to worry about its originality.
Order your authentic assignment and you will be amazed at how easy it is to complete a quality custom paper within the shortest time possible!