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Fire Sprinklers
By Christopher Hallauer
Since what I did was very dangerous and could have hurt or even killed me or others, I thought it would be good to report on a very important thing. I decided to do my report on one of the very things that would have saved many lives if my flamethrower lit anything else on fire besides just the bottle, a fire sprinkler system.
What is a fire sprinkler system?
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A fire sprinkler system is a network of covered up pipes bringing water to sprinkler heads located at important positions in the building. The sprinkler system also has to be hooked up to an alarm system, so not as to only put out the fire, but to call the Fire Department to make sure that there are no injuries. The design of the fire sprinklers allows the system to respond automatically to a growing fire and control it, before it can develop to the point at which lives are endangered and serious damage is done to the building.
Modern residential sprinkler heads are designed to blend in with residential decorations and come in many different designs finishes and colors. There are also concealed types available, which are almost unnoticeable and help reduce vandalism.
How does the system work?
A fire sprinkler system links a number of sprinkler heads, set either in the ceiling or high on the wall, and attached to pipes usually connected to the main water supply and an alarm system. Sprinkler heads contains a mechanism which is sensitive to heat and which, at a predetermined temperature (usually 68° C), releases a plug allowing water to escape. The flow of water in the system triggers an audio-visual alarm which can be heard and seen both inside and out. The water is directed onto a diffuser which is designed to not only break up the water into droplets of a certain size, it also directs the spray to cover a specific floor and wall area. Each sprinkler head is individually and directly activated by the heat from the fire. In the majority of fires just one sprinkler head is triggered and that is good enough to deal with the fire.
Residential fire sprinkler heads are rated as quick response heads, and those are what give the system the reaction speed to deal with fires when they are small and more easily controllable. When compared to other fire detection equipment the advantage this speed of reaction creates is multiplied by the fact that the sprinkler system is actually starting to control the fire at about the same point in time as a call would normally be made to the Fire Department, if not earlier. Time is a major factor in dealing with fires.
The Fire department does an amazing job of responding to calls, however it often takes as much as 5-10 minutes in town, and more like 0-0 minutes in the country, for the first fire engine to arrive at the scene. Even then it takes time to lay out the hoses and get water onto the fire. In that time, if you would have had a fire sprinkler system, the fire would be either out or at least under control. Increased traffic making it even more difficult for fire trucks to reach fires quickly and thus reduces their ability to save lives. With an uncontrolled fire it is possible that even after just 10 minutes anyone in a house will still be alive. Fire is so because it can not only injure you, but can kill you in other ways
1)You can get burned, and die looking like some KFC extra crispy chicken
)The smoke can suffocate you
)Depending on what is burning, there may be toxic fumes which can poison you
There is sometimes a misunderstanding as to how much less fire damage is suffered in buildings with sprinkler systems.
Sprinklers are so effective at limiting the size of a fire, some people are tempted to think that the fire was really only a small one. Of course all fires start that way, but if the sprinklers had not been there, the fire would have grown very large, very fast.
Another area of confusion is water damage. Residential fire sprinklers typically give out 10-15 gallons of water a minute. Compare that to a fireman's hose at 50 - 500 gallons a minute and you will see that a sprinkler system ( which usually only requires one sprinkler to control the fire) uses many times less water than the Fire Brigade. In general sprinklers reduce property damage by at least 80%. It is for these reasons that the fire officials say that fire sprinklers are by far the most effective way of putting out fires.
Sprinklers are very special in multi-floor buildings, where escape routes may involve many flights of stairs. Because fire travels upwards, people may be killed by smoke and fumes many floors above the fire itself, or may become trapped and unable to escape past the fire. Sprinklers will greatly limit the production of heat, smoke and fumes, giving people more time to escape or be rescued.
Design and Installation
The design and installation of fire sprinklers should be left to qualified and certified personnel. In general the sprinkler system should be designed to protect all habitable spaces within the building and at least one escape route.
A sprinkler system is very simple and involves less pipe-work than a central heating system. Normally only the habitable rooms in the house are protected together with an escape route to the outside. Protection of the attic is mostly useless since fires that start there pose a minimal risk to life because fire travels upwards.
The installation should be checked at least once a year and the alarm system tested. It is important that the sprinkler heads should not be painted or obstructed, especially by hanging anything from them.
If the water is turned off the sprinkler system cannot operate and the main shot-off valve should be locked in the open position to prevent accidental closure.
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